Oracle 11g 安装说明
大约 8 分钟
Oracle 11g 安装说明
作 者： 邹伟
日 期： 2022-09-01
环境配置
[centos@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]$ sudo su -
Last login: Thu Aug 18 02:49:28 UTC 2022 on pts/3
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service && systemctl disable firewalld.service
systemctl stop avahi-dnsconfd && systemctl disable avahi-dnsconfd
Failed to stop firewalld.service: Unit firewalld.service not loaded.
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# systemctl stop avahi-dnsconfd && systemctl disable avahi-dnsconfd
Failed to stop avahi-dnsconfd.service: Unit avahi-dnsconfd.service not loaded.
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# systemctl stop avahi-daemon && systemctl disable avahi-daemon
Failed to stop avahi-daemon.service: Unit avahi-daemon.service not loaded.
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# systemctl stop tuned.service && systemctl disable tuned.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/tuned.service.
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# yum install -y bc binutils-2*.x86_64 compat-libcap1-*.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.x86_64 glibc-2.*.i686
glibc-2.*.x86_64 glibc-devel-2.*.i686 glibc-devel-2.*.x86_64 ksh libaio-0.*.i686 libaio-0.*.x86_64 libaio-devel-0.*.i686
libaio-devel-0.*.x86_64 libX11-1.*.i686 libX11-1.*.x86_64 libXau-1.*.i686 libXau-1.*.x86_64 libXi-1.*.i686 libXi-1.*.x86_64
libXtst-1.*.i686 libXtst-1.*.x86_64 libgcc-4.*.i686 libgcc-4.*.x86_64 libstdc++-4.*.i686 libstdc++-4.*.x86_64 libstdc++-devel-4.*.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.*.x86_64 libxcb-1.*.i686 libxcb-1.*.x86_64 make-3.*.x86_64 nfs-utils-1.*.x86_64 net-tools-2.*.x86_64 python-2.*x86_64
python-configshell-*.noarch python-rtslib-*.noarch python-six-*.noarch smartmontools-*.x86_64 sysstat-*.x86_64
targetcli-2.*.noarch tigervnc-server.x86_64 gcc-c++* elfutils-libelf-devel-*
......
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
nspr.x86_64 0:4.32.0-1.el7_9 nss-softokn-freebl.x86_64 0:3.67.0-3.el7_9
Complete!
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# cat <<EOF >> /etc/sysctl.conf
> kernel.shmmni = 4096
> kernel.shmall = 1073741824
> kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
> fs.file-max = 6815744
> kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
> fs.aio-max-nr = 3145728
> kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
> net.core.rmem_default = 262144
> net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
> net.core.wmem_default = 262144
> net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
> net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
> kernel.numa_balancing = 0
> kernel.randomize_va_space=0
> vm.hugetlb_shm_group=54321
> vm.swappiness = 1
> vm.dirty_background_ratio = 3
> vm.dirty_ratio = 80
> vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 500
> vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 100
> vm.min_free_kbytes = 1048576
> EOF
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
fs.aio-max-nr = 3145728
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
kernel.numa_balancing = 0
kernel.randomize_va_space = 0
vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 54321
vm.swappiness = 1
vm.dirty_background_ratio = 3
vm.dirty_ratio = 80
vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 500
vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 100
vm.min_free_kbytes = 1048576
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# cat <<EOF >> /etc/pam.d/login
> session required pam_limits.so
> session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
> EOF
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# echo NOZEROCONF=yes >> /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# echo RemoveIPC=no /etc/systemd/logind.conf
RemoveIPC=no /etc/systemd/logind.conf
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# systemctl restart systemd-logind
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# cat<< EOF>> /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf
> oracle soft nofile 131072
> oracle hard nofile 131072
> oracle soft nproc 131072
> oracle hard nproc 131072
> oracle soft core unlimited
> oracle hard core unlimited
> oracle soft memlock unlimited
> oracle hard memlock unlimited
> oracle soft stack 102400
> oracle hard stack 32768
> EOF
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# groupadd -g 54322 dba
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# groupadd -g 54323 oper
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]#
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# mkdir -p /u01
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# su - oracle
Last failed login: Wed Aug 17 16:50:50 UTC 2022 from 113.250.50.117 on ssh:notty
There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login.
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH
~
~
~
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
alias ss='sqlplus / as sysdba'
".bash_profile" 22L, 447C written
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]$ exit
logout
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# cat <<EOF>> /etc/profile
>
> if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
> if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
> ulimit -u 16384
> ulimit -n 65536
> else
> ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
> fi
> fi
> EOF
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# sed -i 's/rhgb quiet/transparent_hugepage=never numa=off rhgb quiet/' /etc/default/grub
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-cc2c86fe566741e6a2ff6d399c5d5daa
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-cc2c86fe566741e6a2ff6d399c5d5daa.img
done
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# cat <<EOF>> /etc/rc.local
>
> if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled; then
> echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
> fi
>
> if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag; then
> echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
> fi
> EOF
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# sh /etc/rc.local
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]#
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]#
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# cat <<EOF>> /etc/fstab
>
> tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,exec 0 0
> EOF
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# umount /dev/shm
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# mount -a
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]#
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# cat <<EOF>> /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf
>
> X /tmp/.oracle*
> X /var/tmp/.oracle*
> X /usr/tmp/.oracle*
> EOF
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# su - oracle
Last login: Thu Aug 18 03:10:03 UTC 2022 on pts/4
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 tmp]$ exit
logout
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# yum install unzip
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror 1/1
Installed:
unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-24.el7_9
Complete!
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# su - oracle
Last login: Thu Aug 18 03:12:49 UTC 2022 on pts/4
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]$ cd /tmp/
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 tmp]$ unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
Archive: p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
creating: database/
inflating: database/readme.html
creating: database/sshsetup/
inflating: database/sshsetup/sshUserSetup.sh
......
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 tmp]$ unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
Archive: p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
creating: database/stage/Components/oracle.ctx/
inflating: database/stage/Components/oracle.ctx/11.2.0.4.0/1/DataFiles/filegroup1.jar
inflating: database/stage/Components/oracle.ctx/11.2.0.4.0/1/DataFiles/filegroup21.jar
......
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 tmp]$ cd database/
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 database]$
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 database]$ vncserver -list
TigerVNC server sessions:
X DISPLAY # PROCESS ID
:1 12427
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 database]$ exit
logout
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]#
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]#
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]#
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# yum groupinstall "X Window System"
yum install gnome-classic-session gnome-terminal nautilus-open-terminal
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Install 8 Packages (+236 Dependent packages)
Upgrade ( 6 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 157 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
(1/250): NetworkManager-1.18.8-2.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 1.9 MB 00:00:00
......
Complete!
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 database]$ exit
logout
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# yum install alternatives
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: download.cf.centos.org
* extras: download.cf.centos.org
* updates: download.cf.centos.org
No package alternatives available.
Error: Nothing to do
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# ls -l /etc/alternatives
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Aug 18 03:02 ksh -> /bin/ksh93
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 30 Aug 18 03:02 ksh-man -> /usr/share/man/man1/ksh93.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug 18 03:02 ld -> /usr/bin/ld.bfd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 34 Oct 30 2020 libnssckbi.so.x86_64 -> /usr/lib64/pkcs11/p11-kit-trust.so
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Oct 30 2020 mta -> /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 40 Oct 30 2020 mta-aliasesman -> /usr/share/man/man5/aliases.postfix.5.gz
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Oct 30 2020 mta-mailq -> /usr/bin/mailq.postfix
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 Oct 30 2020 mta-mailqman -> /usr/share/man/man1/mailq.postfix.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Oct 30 2020 mta-newaliases -> /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 43 Oct 30 2020 mta-newaliasesman -> /usr/share/man/man1/newaliases.postfix.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 Oct 30 2020 mta-pam -> /etc/pam.d/smtp.postfix
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Oct 30 2020 mta-rmail -> /usr/bin/rmail.postfix
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 Oct 30 2020 mta-sendmail -> /usr/lib/sendmail.postfix
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Oct 30 2020 mta-sendmailman -> /usr/share/man/man1/sendmail.postfix.1.gz
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# alternatives
alternatives version 1.7.6 - Copyright (C) 2001 Red Hat, Inc.
This may be freely redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public License.
usage: alternatives --install <link> <name> <path> <priority>
[--initscript <service>]
[--family <family>]
[--slave <link> <name> <path>]*
alternatives --remove <name> <path>
alternatives --auto <name>
alternatives --config <name>
alternatives --display <name>
alternatives --set <name> <path>
alternatives --list
common options: --verbose --test --help --usage --version --keep-missing
--altdir <directory> --admindir <directory>
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/local/java/jre1.8.0_131/bin/java 4(前提需要安装一个jre 对应版本到此地址)
[root@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]# su - oracle
Last login: Thu Aug 18 03:18:06 UTC 2022 on pts/4
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]$
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]$ vncserver -kill :1
Killing Xvnc process ID 12427
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]$
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]$ vncserver
New 'ip-172-31-6-160.ap-east-1.compute.internal:1 (oracle)' desktop is ip-172-31-6-160.ap-east-1.compute.internal:1
Starting applications specified in /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/oracle/.vnc/ip-172-31-6-160.ap-east-1.compute.internal:1.log
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]$ export DISPLAY=:1.0
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 ~]$ cd /tmp/database/
[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 database]$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 95280 MB Passed
Checking swap space: 0 MB available, 150 MB required. Failed <<<<
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed
Some requirement checks failed. You must fulfill these requirements before
continuing with the installation,
Continue? (y/n) [n] y
>>> Ignoring required pre-requisite failures. Continuing...
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2022-08-18_03-23-45AM. Please wait ...[oracle@ip-172-31-6-160 database]$
You can find the log of this install session at:
/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2022-08-18_03-23-45AM.log
安装一个vnc ， 并注册监听端口5901 
安装流程
异常问题Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile。
手工启动：
[oracle@crmdb ~]$ lsnrctl start
[oracle@crmdb ~]$ dbstart
[oracle@crmdb ~]$ emctl start dbconsole
1、实例没有启动
sqlplus /nolog
connect / as sysdba
startup
初始化oracle
#### 0.查看数据库备份目录
SQL> select * from dba_directories;
OWNER DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SYS DATA_PUMP_DIR1 /home/oracle/dir_dp
SYS DATA_PUMP_DIR /u01/app/oracle/admin/oracledb/dpdump/
### 建立新directory, 例如: expdp_dir
SQL> create directory expdp_dir as '/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/dpdump2';
SQL> grant read,write on directory expdp_dir to test;
#### 导出|导入数据至dumpfile目录
~$ expdp superdf/OXJi4wasqS6bOcygymkD@oracledb schemas=superdf directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR1 dumpfile=superdf_20220818001.dmp logfile=superdf_20220818001.log
~$ impdp superdf/OXJi4wasqS6bOcygymkD@oracledb schemas=superdf DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR1 DUMPFILE=superdf_20210515.dmp logfile=superdf_20210515a.log
# 调整数据库的容量大小
# https://logic.edchen.org/how-to-resolve-ora-01653-unable-to-extend-table-in-tablespace/
#
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/superdf.dbf' RESIZE 10G;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/superdf.dbf' RESIZE 10240M;
###############################################################################################################################################
# https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42316272/article/details/116343812?spm=1001.2101.3001.6650.5
#
#### 1.创建表空间, 先查询表空间路径
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracledb/superdf.dbf
#### 2.接着创建表空间
SQL> create tablespace superdf logging datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracledb/superdf.dbf' size 100m autoextend on next 32m maxsize 500m extent management local;
#### 3.创建临时表空间, 先查询临时表空间路径
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracledb/superdf_temp.dbf
#### 4.接着创建临时表空间
SQL> create temporary tablespace superdf_temp tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracledb/superdf_temp.dbf' size 100m autoextend on next 32m maxsize 500m extent management local;
#### 5.创建用户与密码, 绑定表空间
SQL> create user superdf identified by superdf default tablespace superdf temporary tablespace superdf_temp;
#### 6.为用户添加权限
SQL> grant connect,resource,dba,exp_full_database,imp_full_database to superdf;
#### 7.修改用户密码
SQL> alter user superdf identified by 123456;
#### 8.查看数据库字符集
SQL> select value$ from sys.props$;